The Evolution of Martin Luther’s Theory of Translation

Abstract

This study aims to track how Martin Luther’s translation theory has changed over time. She also hopes to fill the gap in the current research, because we don’t have enough research on how this theory develops. This study adopts qualitative research method, combines literature analysis with text analysis, and draws lessons from the original materials such as Translation Open Letter and German version of Luther Bible, and divides the evolution of its translation theory into three main stages: The first stage (before 1517): His theological thought reveals why translation is necessary and gives a basic direction. Formation stage (1517-1530): Its most important principle was established and clarified through concrete translation practice and debate. Deepening stage (1530-1546): His theory was constantly improved through revision and stepped out of the religious field, which contributed to the development of standard German and provided a historic example for later translation theories. The results of this study show that Luther’s translation thought is a dynamic organism and develops through practice. Its vitality comes from its constant interaction with theological beliefs, public demand and language reality. Its basic principles are still of great significance for guiding the current study of cross-cultural translation and communication. For example, “functional equivalence” is a typical theory.