A review of progress in the study of antibody-drug conjugates targeting HER2

Abstract

This review article provides a comprehensive examination of the latest research advancements in HER2-targeted antibody- drug conjugates (ADCs) and their applications in cancer therapeutics. It begins by outlining the overexpression of HER2 receptors in different types of cancer and its correlation with cancer progression. It then provides an in-depth explanation of the structural components of ADCs (antibody, linker, and payload) and their mechanisms of action. It places particular emphasis on analyzing the clinical efficacy of the three FDA-approved HER2-targeting ADC drugs T-DM1, T-DXd and RC48, while also addressing current therapeutic challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. It outlines future research directions including optimizing ADC design, developing combination therapies and expanding indications. Ultimately, the article explores the potential of HER2-targeted ADCs to achieve high efficacy, low toxicity and broad- spectrum therapeutic outcomes.